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- 提高軸齒輪滾齒加工有哪些方法
- 發布日期:2020年03月21日 點擊次數:31 所屬分類:新聞動態
軸(zhou)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪是變速(su)箱(xiang)中(zhong) *主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)零件,其加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)高低(di)直接影響變速(su)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)質量。目前(qian)我們采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)輪齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)部加(jia)工(gong)(gong)方法是滾(gun)(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)一剃(ti)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法。要(yao)通過滾(gun)(gun)、剃(ti)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)工(gong)(gong)藝制造(zao)出(chu)(chu)高精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪,就必(bi)須(xu)把滾(gun)(gun)、剃(ti)工(gong)(gong)藝水平(ping)發揮(hui)到設計(ji)值(zhi)。而剃(ti)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在很大程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)上(shang)依鞍(an)滾(gun)(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),所以(yi)滾(gun)(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)一些誤(wu)差項目必(bi)須(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)控制,才(cai)能制造(zao)出(chu)(chu)高質量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪。滾(gun)(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是一種常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪加(jia)工(gong)(gong)方法,在精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)很高的(de)(de)滾(gun)(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)機上(shang),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)精(jing)密(mi)滾(gun)(gun)刀,可以(yi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)出(chu)(chu)45級精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)輪齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。在普通級滾(gun)(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)機上(shang),用(yong)(yong)普通精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)滾(gun)(gun)刀,只能加(jia)工(gong)(gong)出(chu)(chu)8級精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)輪齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。變速(su)箱(xiang)軸(zhou)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)部要(yao)求的(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為877級,而且滾(gun)(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)時主(zhu)要(yao)是以(yi)兩中(zhong)心(xin)孔和端面做定位基準,因此分析滾(gun)(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)誤(wu)差來(lai)源(yuan),掌握保證和提高加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)方法非常重要(yao)。
滾(gun)齒加(jia)工精度分析
軸齒精(jing)度(du)(du)主要和運(yun)動精(jing)度(du)(du)、平穩性(xing)(xing)精(jing)度(du)(du)、接觸(chu)(chu)精(jing)度(du)(du)有關(guan)。滾(gun)齒加(jia)(jia)工中用(yong)控(kong)制公法線長(chang)度(du)(du)和齒圈徑跳來保(bao)證運(yun)動精(jing)度(du)(du),用(yong)控(kong)制齒形誤差和基(ji)節偏差來保(bao)證工作平穩性(xing)(xing)精(jing)度(du)(du),用(yong)控(kong)制齒向誤差來保(bao)證接觸(chu)(chu)精(jing)度(du)(du)。下面對(dui)滾(gun)齒加(jia)(jia)工中易出(chu)現的幾種誤差原(yuan)因進行分析:
齒圈徑(jing)向跳動誤(wu)差(即幾何偏心)
齒(chi)(chi)圈(quan)徑向跳動是指在齒(chi)(chi)輪一(yi)轉范圍內,測(ce)頭在齒(chi)(chi)槽(cao)內或(huo)(huo)輪齒(chi)(chi)上,與齒(chi)(chi)高中部(bu)雙面接(jie)觸,測(ce)頭相(xiang)對于輪齒(chi)(chi)軸線(xian)的(de)(de)****變動量(liang)。也是輪齒(chi)(chi)齒(chi)(chi)圈(quan)相(xiang)對于軸中心(xin)線(xian)的(de)(de)偏(pian)心(xin),這種偏(pian)心(xin)是由于在安裝零件時,零件的(de)(de)兩中心(xin)孔與工作臺的(de)(de)回轉中心(xin)安裝不(bu)重合或(huo)(huo)偏(pian)差(cha)太(tai)大而引起(qi)。或(huo)(huo)因****和****孔制造不(bu)良,使(shi)定位(wei)面接(jie)觸不(bu)好(hao)造成(cheng)偏(pian)心(xin),所以(yi)齒(chi)(chi)圈(quan)徑跳主要(yao)應從以(yi)上原因分(fen)析(xi)解決(jue)。
公法線長(chang)度誤差(即運動偏心)
滾齒(chi)(chi)是(shi)用展成(cheng)法原理加工齒(chi)(chi)輪的(de)(de),從刀具到齒(chi)(chi)坯間的(de)(de)分(fen)齒(chi)(chi)傳動(dong)鏈要按一定(ding)的(de)(de)傳動(dong)比關系(xi)保持運動(dong)的(de)(de) 性。但(dan)是(shi)這些傳動(dong)鏈是(shi)由一系(xi)列(lie)傳動(dong)元件組成(cheng)的(de)(de)。
它們的(de)(de)制造和裝配誤差在傳(chuan)遞運(yun)動過程中必然要(yao)集中反映(ying)到(dao)傳(chuan)動鏈的(de)(de)末端零(ling)件上(shang),產生(sheng)相(xiang)對(dui)運(yun)動的(de)(de)不均(jun)勻(yun)性,影響輪齒的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)精度(du)。公(gong)法線長度(du)變動是反映(ying)齒輪牙齒分(fen)布不均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)(de)****誤差,這個誤差主(zhu)要(yao)是滾齒機工(gong)(gong)作臺蝸輪副(fu)回轉精度(du)不均(jun)勻(yun)造成的(de)(de),還(huan)有滾齒機工(gong)(gong)作臺圓形(xing)導(dao)軌磨損、分(fen)度(du)蝸輪與(yu)工(gong)(gong)作臺圓形(xing)導(dao)軌不同軸造成,再者分(fen)齒掛輪齒面有嚴重磕碰或掛輪時(shi)咬合太松或太緊(jin)也會影響公(gong)法線變動超差。
齒形誤差分析
齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)是指在(zai)齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)工(gong)作(zuo)部分內,包容實際齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)廓(kuo)線(xian)(xian)的兩理想齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)(漸開(kai)線(xian)(xian))廓(kuo)線(xian)(xian)間的法向距離。在(zai)實際加工(gong)過程中不可能(neng)獲得完全(quan)正確的漸開(kai)線(xian)(xian)齒(chi)(chi)形(xing),總(zong)是存在(zai)各種誤(wu)差(cha)(cha),從(cong)而影響(xiang)傳動的平穩(wen)性。齒(chi)(chi)輪的基圓是決(jue)定漸開(kai)線(xian)(xian)齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)的惟一參數,如果(guo)在(zai)滾(gun)齒(chi)(chi)加工(gong)時基圓產生誤(wu)差(cha)(cha),齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)勢必也(ye)會有(you)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)。
滾(gun)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)移動(dong)速(su)度/工(gong)作臺回轉(zhuan)角(jiao)速(su)度xcosao(ao為滾(gun)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)原始(shi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形角(jiao)),在(zai)滾(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)加工(gong)過(guo)程中漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形主要(yao)(yao)靠滾(gun)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)坯之間(jian)保持一(yi)定速(su)比的(de)分齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)來保證,由此可見,齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形誤(wu)差(cha)主要(yao)(yao)是滾(gun)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形誤(wu)差(cha)決定的(de),滾(gun)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)刃磨質量不好很容易出現齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形誤(wu)差(cha)。同時滾(gun)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)在(zai)安裝中產(chan)生的(de)徑向跳動(dong)、軸(zhou)向竄動(dong)(即安裝誤(wu)差(cha))也對齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形誤(wu)差(cha)有(you)影響(xiang)。常(chang)見的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形誤(wu)差(cha)有(you)不對稱、齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形角(jiao)誤(wu)差(cha)(齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)頂變(bian)肥(fei)或(huo)變(bian)厚)、產(chan)生周期誤(wu)差(cha)等(deng)。
齒向誤差分析
齒(chi)(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤(wu)差是在分度(du)圓柱(zhu)面(mian)上(shang),全齒(chi)(chi)(chi)寬范圍內(nei),包容(rong)實際齒(chi)(chi)(chi)向(xiang)線(xian)(xian)的兩條設計齒(chi)(chi)(chi)向(xiang)線(xian)(xian)的端面(mian)距離。引(yin)起齒(chi)(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤(wu)差的主要原因是機床、刀(dao)架(jia)的垂直進(jin)給方向(xiang)與(yu)零件軸線(xian)(xian)有偏移,或上(shang)尾座****中心與(yu)工作臺回轉中心不一致(zhi),還有滾切(qie)斜齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪時(shi),差動掛輪計算誤(wu)差大,差動傳動鏈齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪制(zhi)造和調整誤(wu)差太大。另外夾具和齒(chi)(chi)(chi)坯制(zhi)造、安裝、調整精度(du)低(di)也會引(yin)起齒(chi)(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤(wu)差。
齒面粗糙度分析
齒面粗糙度(du)不好一般(ban)有幾(ji)種現象:發紋、啃(ken)齒、魚磷、撕(si)裂。
引起齒(chi)面(mian)粗(cu)糙度差(cha)的主要原(yuan)因(yin)有(you)以下幾(ji)方面(mian):機床、刀(dao)具、工(gong)件系統整(zheng)體(ti)剛性(xing)不(bu)(bu)足、間(jian)隙(xi)大;滾刀(dao)和工(gong)件相對位(wei)置(zhi)發生變化;滾刀(dao)刃磨不(bu)(bu)當、零件材質(zhi)不(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻(yun);切(qie)削參數選(xuan)擇不(bu)(bu)合適等。
- 相關標簽:空壓機齒輪
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